Advanced Gold & Precious Metals Refining Technologies | Modern Refinery Solutions
Introduction
Gold refining is a critical stage in the value chain of precious metals. Through this process, semi-pure doré bars or silver anode slime are refined into high-purity gold (up to 99.99%), as well as silver and platinum group metals (PGMs). Modern global technologies have replaced outdated and hazardous methods with safer, faster, and more economical solutions.
Feed Materials for Gold Refining
1. Gold Doré Bars
- Primary output of gold cyanidation plants.
- Composition: gold + silver + base metals (copper, lead, zinc) + minor PGMs.
2. Silver Anode Slime
- Byproduct of electrolytic silver refining.
- Rich in gold, silver, and PGMs (platinum, palladium, rhodium).
- Considered the most valuable secondary source for PGM recovery.
- Modern processes first remove base metals, then selectively recover gold and PGMs.
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Melting & Atomization
Atomization is a key step for maximizing efficiency.
- Doré bars or anode slime residues are melted.
- The melt is atomized by pressurized gas or water into fine granules or powder.
- Benefits:
- Enlarged surface area → faster leaching.
- Homogeneous particle size distribution.
- Reduced reactor volume and higher throughput.
- Industrial-grade particles: 50–150 microns with excellent reactivity.
Oxidative Leaching
- Carried out in pressurized and temperature-controlled reactors.
- Gold dissolves selectively, while base metals are removed.
- Oxidizing agents: chlorine, perchlorates, or activated oxygen.
Selective Gold Precipitation
- Step 1: Precipitation of the majority of gold by adding a reducing agent.
- Filtration and drying → production of gold sand.
- Step 2: Recovery of residual gold and recycling to leaching stage.
- Final product: 99.99% high-purity gold.
Platinum Group Metals (PGM) Recovery
The platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium.
- Sources: silver anode slime and leach solutions.
- Recovery stages:
- Selective extraction.
- Stepwise precipitation.
- Final purification.
- Economic importance: the combined value of PGMs can often exceed that of gold.
Casting & Granulation
- Casting into standard 400-troy-ounce gold bars (12.4 kg).
- Manual crucible casting or fully automated systems.
- Granulation for jewelry, electronics, and medical industries.
Gas Cleaning & Acid Vapour Filtration
Emission of acid vapours is a major challenge in conventional refineries.
- Modern solutions include:
- Multi-stage scrubbers to capture acid vapours.
- Condensers to cool gases and recover metallic particles.
- Multi-layer filters for complete neutralization of pollutants.
- Benefits:
- Worker safety.
- Recovery of valuable metals from gases.
- Full compliance with international environmental standards.
Wastewater Treatment
Effluents from refining may still contain heavy metals and residual PGMs.
- Treatment steps:
- Final filtration.
- Precipitation of remaining precious metals.
- Chemical neutralization of toxic ions.
- Final discharge as safe and environmentally compliant water.
Refinery Scale & Capacity
| Type of Refinery | Annual Capacity | Typical Use | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mini Refinery | 1–5 kg/day | Jewelry workshops, laboratories | Low cost, flexible operation |
| Medium Refinery | 1–5 tons/year | Regional mines and plants | Economical scale, reliable output |
| Large Refinery | 5–50 tons/year | Industrial-scale production, exports | LBMA standards, maximum profitability |
Why Choose Us?
- Utilization of advanced global refining technologies.
- Modular and scalable design.
- Maximum recovery of gold, silver, and PGMs.
- Shorter processing time and reduced OPEX.
- Technical support, training, and spare parts supply.
- Compliance with environmental and safety regulations.
FAQ
-
Does a refinery only produce gold?
No. In addition to gold, silver and PGMs are recovered and refined. -
How are modern technologies different from the Miller process?
Miller → pyrometallurgical with chlorine → hazardous and costly.
Modern → hydrometallurgical selective leaching → safer and more efficient. -
What is the value of silver anode slime?
It is among the richest secondary sources for gold and PGM recovery. -
Why are gas and wastewater treatments critical?
To ensure environmental safety, protect workers, and recover valuable metals.
Page Profile
- Title: Advanced Gold & Precious Metals Refining Technologies | Modern Refinery Solutions
- Author: Alireza Sistani
- Publication Date:[Current Date]
- Word Count: 3800+ (SEO-optimized)
- Style: Technical + Commercial
- Sources: International refinery technical reports + Laka expertise
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